Vol 26, No 6

Characterizing the 3D Evolution of Two Successive CMEs Heading for Mercury

Yanjie Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Huadong Chen, Zhentong Li, Dong Li and Haisheng Ji

Abstract

We studied two successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that erupted from the same active region (AR 12994) on 2022 April 15 and propagated toward Mercury. Using multi-view observations, we applied the revised cone model to determine the three-dimensional geometry and the early kinematics of the two CMEs. Our best-fit parameters indicate large angular extents of 84° and 86° and propagation directions of −119.°0 and -110.°4 (measured from the Sun–Earth line) for CME1 and CME2, respectively, while that of Mercury is −120.°1. The derived axis inclinations are 28° for CME1 and 21° for CME2, consistent with the orientation of the erupting flux ropes in the source region. Height–time analysis indicates approximately uniform motion speeds of 636 km s−1 for CME1 and 696 km s−1 for CME2. This paper provides valuable insights for predicting the impact of CMEs heading for Mercury as well as other planets in the solar system in the future.


Keywords

Sun: activity– Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)– Sun: flares

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