The Space-based multi-band Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) is a Sino-French space mission dedicated to the detection, localization, and study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and other high-energy transient phenomena. Launched in 2024 June, the SVOM satellite has been operating nominally and has produced several key scientific results. The core mission of SVOM requires the satellite to have autonomous and rapid response capability-a requirement distinct from and more complex than that of traditional pre-scheduled observations. To meet this requirement, the satellite is designed with substantial autonomous observation capability, supporting both on-board triggered GRB observations and ground-planned, time-tagged observations. Accordingly, five types of observation programs have been defined, each assigned a specific priority based on its scientific objectives. Stringent priority rules allow higher-priority programs to interrupt lower-priority ones for orderly execution. An on-board observation management strategy is designed to enable the satellite to autonomously adjust and resume programs without ground rescheduling, thereby maximizing observation efficiency. During ground operational tests, a complex scenario involving all priority levels and multiple nested observation programs was implemented to validate the observation management functionality. In-orbit test results have further confirmed successful implementation. This paper presents the SVOM observation programs and management strategy, describes the associated scenario design, and reports preliminary in-orbit verification results.