Letters

Supermassive Primordial Black Holes for Nano-Hertz Gravitational Waves and High-redshift JWST Galaxies

Hai-Long Huang, Yong Cai, Jun-Qian Jiang, Jun Zhang and Yun-Song Piao

Abstract

Recently, observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating, prompting the question: Can primordial black holes (PBHs) be supermassive, particularly with masses M ≳ 109M? A supercritical bubble, containing an inflating baby universe, that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe. We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum, the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks, leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M ≳ 1011M. Thus, our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.

Keywords

Key words: (cosmology:) early universe – (cosmology:) inflation – (galaxies:) quasars: supermassive black holes

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