Vol 24, No 7

GRB 210610B: The Internal and External Plateau as Evidence for the Delayed Outflow of Magnetar

Yi-Ning Wei (韦逸宁), Xiang-Gao Wang (王祥高), Da-Bin Lin (林达斌), Wei-Kang Zheng (郑伟康), Liang-Jun Chen (陈良军), Sheng-Yu Yan (闫圣钰), Shuang-Xi Yi (仪双喜), Qi Wang (王琦), Zi-Min Zhou (周子民), Hui-Ya Liu (刘慧亚) et al.

Abstract

After launching a jet, outflows of magnetar were used to account for the achromatic plateau of afterglow and the early X-ray flux plateau known as "internal plateau". The lack of detecting magnetic dipole emission together with the energy injection feature in a single observation poses confusion until the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 210610B is detected. GRB 210610B is presented with an optical bump following an early X-ray plateau during the afterglow phase. The plateau followed by a steep decline flux overlays in the steadily decaying X-ray flux with index αX,1 ∼ 2.06, indicating an internal origin and that can be fitted by the spin-down luminosity law with the initial plateau luminosity and the characteristic spin-down timescale T ∼ 2818 s. A subsequent bump begins at ∼4000 s in the R band with a rising index αR,1 ∼ − 0.30 and peaks at ∼14125 s, after which a decay index αR,2 ∼ 0.87 and finally transiting to a steep decay with αR,3 ∼ 1.77 achieve the closure relation of the external shock for the normal decay phase as well as the magnetar spin-down energy injection phase, provided that the average value of the photon index Γγ = 1.80 derived from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) between the X-ray and optical afterglow. The closure relation also works for the late X-ray flux. Akin to the traditional picture of GRB, the outflow powers the early X-ray plateau by dissipating energy internally and collides with the leading decelerating blast burst as time goes on, which could interpret the exotic feature of GRB 210610B. We carry out a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation and obtain a set of best parameters: ,, EK,iso ≃ 4.6 × 1053erg, Γ0 ≃ 832, A* ≃ 0.10, Linj,0 ≃ 3.55 × 1050erg s−1. The artificial light curve can fit the afterglow data well. After that, we estimated the average Lorentz factor and the X-ray radiation efficiency of the later ejecta are 35% and 0.13%, respectively.



Keywords

Key words: (stars:) gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 210610B) – (stars:) gamma-ray burst: general – stars: jets

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